دراسات وبحوث

معركة زاما: انتصار روما على حنبعل وقرطاجة

مكتبة المعلم والاستاذ الالكترونية

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معركة زاما

ما هي معركة زاما؟

وقعت هذه معركة زاما سنة (202 ق.م) هي المعركة الفاصلة في الحرب البونيقية الثانية، حيث حسمت انتصار روما بقيادة سكيبيو الأفريقي على جيش هانيبال القرطاجي.

202 ق.م: شهدت معركة زاما انتصارًا حاسمًا للرومان بقيادة سكيبيو الأفريقي على القرطاجيين بقيادة هانيبال. وضعت هذه المعركة نهاية للحرب البونيقية الثانية، وأنهت بشكل فعّال مسيرة هانيبال العسكرية وطموحات قرطاجة في مواجهة روما. وقعت المعركة في موقع "ناراجارا" (ساقية سيدي يوسف، تونس) الذي حدده المؤرخ الروماني ليفي. بينما أطلق المؤرخ كورنيليوس نيبوس اسم زاما على الموقع بعد 150 عامًا من المعركة.

203 ق.م: واجهت قرطاجة خطرًا كبيرًا مع هجوم الرومان بقيادة سكيبيو، الذي سيطر على أفريقيا وفاز في معركة هامة على بعد 32 كيلومترًا من قرطاجة. استدعت قرطاجة حنبعل وأخيه ماغو من إيطاليا للدفاع عن مداخل المدينة. عاد حنبعل بجيشه المخضرم (12,000 جندي) وضمّ إليه 37,000 جندي آخرين، بينما توفي ماغو في البحر أثناء عودته من إيطاليا.

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